2013-12-17

マレーシア

★は面白さ
Ministry of Education
http://www.moe.gov.my/en/home

Prime Minister's Office - Malaysia As A Fully Developed Country　★★
http://www.pmo.gov.my/?menu=page&page=1898

Malaysian Insider - English mastery crucial to achieve Vision 2020, says AmBank Group Chairman　★★★
http://www.perdana.org.my/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=654%3Amalaysian-insider-english-mastery-crucial-to-achieve-vision-2020-says-ambank-group-chairman&catid=57%3Aplfinthenews&Itemid=151

Education in Malaysia: Towards Vision 2020　★★
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1076/sesi.10.1.86.3514

Towards Vision 2020 and beyond via bilingualism　★★★★★
http://www.theborneopost.com/2013/03/31/towards-vision-2020-and-beyond-via-bilingualism/

Towards Vision 2020 and beyond via bilingualism　Posted on March 31, 2013, Sunday　

To lay the groundwork, the Education Ministry has started training over 60,000 teachers in English proficiency this year in two waves under the Malaysia Education Blueprint. Muhyddin, who is also the Education Minister, has reaffirmed the government’s commitment to promoting the use of English in schools. “Our target is for students to be bilingual — proficient in both Bahasa Malaysia and English,” he said.

The effectiveness of English as a communications tool is reflected by the very large number of people learning the language – about one billion throughout the world. English is the most widely spoken than any other language. It’s the native language of more than 350 million people worldwide as well. Moreover, English is the lingua franca of diplomacy, business, science, technology, banking, computing, aviation, tourism and also the UN.

In an interview with a national tabloid lately, a former cabinet minister had called for a review of the education system. “Make English compulsory in all national schools. Without English we cannot compete. We must insist on English as a second language,” he said. According to him, it was not a mistake to change the medium of instruction from English to Bahasa Malaysia which is the language of the nation and of unity. The mistake, he pointed out, was in the policies which were to promote Bahasa Malaysia but it had to be at the expense of English. More crucially in the Malaysian context, the duality of fluency in the National Language and English will serve to propel the country towards an industrialised and high-income society by the year 2020 and beyond.

2013-12-11

マカオ

アジアの英語

Two official languages, English in-between
http://www.macaudailytimes.com.mo/macau/30460-two-official-languages-english-in-between.html

Two official languages, English in-between　13/10/2011 21:58:00

Suzanne Watkinson

“Thank God I have a good lawyer, otherwise I would be dead in the water. I do find very frustrating particularly to have a business here and all the administration forms are in Chinese and Portuguese,” voices Suzanne Watkinson, director of Ambiente Macau Limited.

Watkinson established her business in the MSAR seven years ago. English is not an official language in Macau and all the official documents are in Chinese and Portuguese. A non-Chinese or Portuguese speaking businessperson would be in trouble if he or she had to handle everything without someone’s help.

“Everything related to property and finance departments is in the official languages, so I need to go to my lawyer every time or to friends that either speak Portuguese or Chinese,” she stresses.

Nevertheless, not being able to read all the official documents in English is just an inconvenience for Watkinson. “I just had to take it and find a way of working it out,” she says.

“Difficulty in reading official documents is a minor inconvenience to the pleasure of doing business here. Other people handle it with a little bit of resignation and perplexity. They say: ‘We’re in Macau, the official languages are Chinese and Portuguese, who are we to complain?’ If you are in Rome, act as Romans,” she remarks.

However, the businesswoman suggests Macau should consider this issue in the future. “If Macau wants to move forward and become more of an international city, then I believe there will be some discussion around improving at least the official documents,” she said.

Macau English: status, functions and forms
http://repository.umac.mo/bitstream/10692/651/1/3363_0_ET95•Moody.pdf

2013-12-10

香港

アジアの英語

Native-Speaking English Teachers (NETs) Scheme
http://www.teachaway.com/teaching-public-schools-hong-kong

WHAT IS THE NET SCHEME?

Since 1998, Native-Speaking English Teachers (NETs) have been teaching in secondary schools in Hong Kong. Shortly after, in 2002, NETs were placed in primary (elementary) schools throughout the region.

The NET scheme aims to support and strengthen English language learning and teaching in Hong Kong. The main goals of the schemes are to:

Provide an authentic environment for children to learn English and develop their confidence using English for communication

Develop innovative learning and teaching methods, materials, curriculum and activities suited to the needs of local students

Promote the professional development of teachers

Encourage effective networking amongst schools

Disseminate good practices in language learning and teaching developed within the scheme through regional teacher development programs and experience sharing workshops

ACCOMMODATION IN HONG KONG

All NETs will receive an allowance of HK$16,859/month to assist with accommodation. The housing allowance is based on the average cost of an 800 sq. foot apartment across all of Hong Kong. In addition, teachers will receive assistance in finding suitable accommodation. Married couples will only receive one housing allowance.

FLIGHT TO HONG KONG

Teachers who are accepted in the program will be reimbursed for return airfare from their home country to Hong Kong once per contract. Teachers traveling with families are reimbursed for up to 5 family members. To assist with moving costs associated with moving to Hong Kong, teachers are also entitled to claim baggage allowance.

SALARY FOR TEACHING IN HONG KONG

Salary ranges from HK$23,530 to HK$54,665 (approximately $3,000-$7,000 USD) per month.

Education Bureau (Native-speaking English Teacher (NET) Scheme)
http://www.edb.gov.hk/en/curriculum-development/resource-support/net/index.html

（政府の考えるNative speakersとは…）

Native speakers of English are people who acquire the language in infancy and develop the language through adolescence and adulthood within a community where English is spoken as the first language. Native-speaker English competence refers to the ability to use English fluently and spontaneously, to give grammatically accurate responses in communication and to write or speak creatively.

Non-native speakers of English, i.e. people who have not acquired the language in early childhood, are also suitable for employment as NETs if their English competence is not different from that of native-speakers in terms of fluency, accuracy and creativity in language use.

The Facts
http://www.gov.hk/en/about/abouthk/factsheets/docs/education.pdf

香港の教育・研究事情を覗いてみると
http://shiten.icsead.or.jp/201303/201303_77_82.pdf

グローバリゼーションと教育
一香港におけるネイティブ英語教師計画から考える一
https://m-repo.lib.meiji.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/10291/8089/1/kyoushokukateinenpou_25_39.pdf

2013-12-04

ベトナム

アジアの英語

National Foreign Language 2020 Project
http://nfl2020forum.net/index.php/nfl2020-project-description

...The mission of NFL2020 is to build Vietnam’s foreign language (mainly English) teaching and learning capacity and to implement Government’s Decision 1400 (2008) “to renovate the teaching and learning of foreign languages within the national education system” (Article 1.1, Decision 1400).

Tasks and Solutions

• Establish a proficiency framework compatible with the CEFR

• Implement compulsory English programs beginning in grade 3 with benchmarks of A1 for primary, A2 for lower secondary, and B1 for upper secondary, college and university graduates.

• Teach math and science in English in upper secondary schools

• Teach courses in English at selected regional and national universities

• Improve teachers’ performance in language proficiency and methodology

ベトナムの言語教育政策
http://www.tufs.ac.jp/common/fs/ilr/EU_kaken/_userdata//haida1.pdf

1．外国語教育は学校教育のどの段階で始まりますか。

初等教育の第6学年から始まる。ハノイのような大都市では第1学年(6歳)から英語が始まるが、全国一律ではない。

2．初等教育と中等教育ではいくつの外国語が現在提供されていますか。また、それらは必修ですか。

初等教育は英語のみで、選択である。これは、十分な語学教員の確保が困難であるからである。それゆえに、必修ではなく選択なのである。中等教育では外国語は必修である。提供される言語は主として英語で、わずかに日本語、中国語、フランス語などが提供されている。いずれにしても生徒・学生の98％は英語を選択している。

3．ベトナムの学校教育にCEFRを導入した主な理由は何ですか。

2001年にベトナムで教育改革があった。当時の調査では、第12年生(日本の高校3年生)の英語力がB１レベルであり、大学4年生がB２レベルであった。同年にCEFRに関するカンファレンスがULISで開催され、その後CEFRを国際基準の指標として取り入れることになり、教員志望者の大学卒業時の必須レベルはC1とされた。但し、2008年の段階で、調査結果によると小学校教員の英語能力はB2レベルであった。

5．CEFRの導入に際して、教員たちの反応はどのようなものでしたか。

英語学科やヨーロッパ系言語の学科では問題なく受け入れられた。しかし、何人かはすでに国家資格で教員の資格を得ているのに、いまさらCEFRで能力を測られると仕事を失うのではないかと心配した教員もいた。また、アジア系言語の教員（たとえば日本語教員）の中に不満を持つ者がいた。日本語能力試験のように、すでに能力評価試験があるのにCEFRは必要ないというのが理由であった。

10．「学習指導要領」の英語版はありますか。

ある。ベトナム語と英語の両方がある。

11．少なくとも2つの外国語を学ぶことが近隣諸国との平和な関係を構築できるとするEUおよびCEFRの理念に関して、どのように思いますか。

状況によると思うが、近隣諸国の言葉を学ぶことが平和構築に結びつくとはあまり思えない。ただ、言語教育は極めて政治的な側面もある。たとえばベトナムの国家言語政策に ‘English 2020 Project’というのがあったが、フランスやドイツなど、英語国以外に配慮して、今は ‘Foreign Language 2020 Project’と名称変更がされている。実際は98％が英語を選択しているにもかかわらずである。

13．日本では、ほとんどの人にとって外国語とはアメリカ英語のことになりますが、ベトナムではどうですか。

ベトナムでは「英語」は「英語」でしかない。また、自分たちが話すベトナム式英語もあまり気にしない。あえて言うなら ‘International English’だ。

14．日本では、経済状況が英語の会話能力の特段の向上を求めますが、ベトナムでは英語教育においてどのような技能が重要であると考えられていますか。

日本と全く同じだろう。コミュニケーション能力が求められ、とりわけ、リスニングとスピーキング能力が重視されている。

15．日本では、早期英語教育に対する批判があり、子供たちは外国語を学ぶ前に日本語を十分に学ぶべきであると言われていますが、ベトナムではどうでしょうか。

日本と同じである。状況は少しずつ早期英語教育推進に変わって来ているが、外国語の前に国語としてのベトナム語を学ぶべきだという意見は根強い。